如何用JAVA写一个知乎爬虫？（一） - 黑马程序员技术交流社区

作者：卧颜沉默
链接：https://www.zhihu.com/question/36909173/answer/97643000
来源：知乎
著作权归作者所有。商业转载请联系作者获得授权，非商业转载请注明出处。
/**
*
* @param httpClient Http客户端
* @param context Http上下文
* @return
*/
public boolean login(CloseableHttpClient httpClient, HttpClientContext context){
String yzm = null;
String loginState = null;
HttpGet getRequest = new HttpGet("https://www.zhihu.com/#signin");
HttpClientUtil.getWebPage(httpClient,context, getRequest, "utf-8", false);
HttpPost request = new HttpPost("https://www.zhihu.com/login/email");
List<NameValuePair> formParams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
yzm = yzm(httpClient, context,"https://www.zhihu.com/captcha.gif?type=login");//肉眼识别验证码
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("captcha", yzm));
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("_xsrf", ""));//这个参数可以不用
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("email", "邮箱"));
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "密码"));
formParams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("remember_me", "true"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = null;
try {
entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formParams, "utf-8");
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
request.setEntity(entity);
loginState = HttpClientUtil.getWebPage(httpClient,context, request, "utf-8", false);//登录
JSONObject jo = new JSONObject(loginState);
if(jo.get("r").toString().equals("0")){
System.out.println("登录成功");
getRequest = new HttpGet("https://www.zhihu.com");
HttpClientUtil.getWebPage(httpClient,context ,getRequest, "utf-8", false);//访问首页
HttpClientUtil.serializeObject(context.getCookieStore(),"resources/zhihucookies");//序列化知乎Cookies，下次登录直接通过该cookies登录
return true;
}else{
System.out.println("登录失败" + loginState);
return false;
}
}
/**
* 肉眼识别验证码
* @param httpClient Http客户端
* @param context Http上下文
* @param url 验证码地址
* @return
*/
public String yzm(CloseableHttpClient httpClient,HttpClientContext context, String url){
HttpClientUtil.downloadFile(httpClient, context, url, "d:/test/", "1.gif",true);
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
String yzm = sc.nextLine();
return yzm;
}
HttpClientUtil工具类
/**
* HttpClient工具类
*/
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static Logger logger = MyLogger.getMyLogger(HttpClientUtil.class);
public static void main(String args []){
}
/**
*
* @param httpClient HttpClient客户端
* @param context 上下文
* @param request 请求
* @param encoding 字符编码
* @param isPrintConsole 是否打印到控制台
* @return 网页内容
*/
public static String getWebPage(CloseableHttpClient httpClient
, HttpClientContext context
, HttpRequestBase request
, String encoding
, boolean isPrintConsole){
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try {
response = httpClient.execute(request,context);
} catch (HttpHostConnectException e){
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("HttpHostConnectException",e);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("IOException",e);
}
System.out.println("status---" + response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode());
BufferedReader rd = null;
StringBuilder webPage = null;
try {
rd = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(response.getEntity().getContent(),encoding));
String line = "";
webPage = new StringBuilder();
while((line = rd.readLine()) != null) {
webPage.append(line);
if(isPrintConsole){
System.out.println(line);
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
request.releaseConnection();
return webPage.toString();
}
/**
* 序列化对象
* @param object
* @throws Exception
*/
public static void serializeObject(Object object,String filePath){
OutputStream fos = null;
try {
fos = new FileOutputStream(filePath);
ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(fos);
oos.writeObject(object);
System.out.println("序列化成功");
oos.flush();
fos.close();
oos.close();
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 反序列化对象
* @param name
* @throws Exception
*/
public static Object antiSerializeMyHttpClient(String name){
InputStream fis = HttpClientUtil.class.getResourceAsStream(name);
ObjectInputStream ois = null;
Object object = null;
try {
ois = new ObjectInputStream(fis);
object = ois.readObject();
fis.close();
ois.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("IOException",e);
} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("ClassNotFoundException",e);
} catch (NullPointerException e){
e.printStackTrace();
logger.error("NullPointerException",e);
}
System.out.println("反序列化成功 ");
return object;
}
/**
* 设置Cookies策略
* @return CloseableHttpClient
*/
public static CloseableHttpClient getMyHttpClient(){
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
RequestConfig globalConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
.setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY)
.build();
httpClient = HttpClients.custom()
.setDefaultRequestConfig(globalConfig)
.build();
return httpClient;
}
/**
* 设置上下文
* @return HttpClientContext
*/
public static HttpClientContext getMyHttpClientContext(){
HttpClientContext context = null;
context = HttpClientContext.create();
Registry<CookieSpecProvider> registry = RegistryBuilder
.<CookieSpecProvider> create()
.register(CookieSpecs.BEST_MATCH, new BestMatchSpecFactory())
.register(CookieSpecs.BROWSER_COMPATIBILITY,
new BrowserCompatSpecFactory()).build();
context.setCookieSpecRegistry(registry);
return context;
}
}

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