<div id="app">
<p>{{fullName}}</p>
</div>
new Vue({
data: {
firstName: 'Xiao',
lastName: 'Ming'
},
computed: {
fullName: function () {
return this.firstName + ' ' + this.lastName
}
}
})
虽然计算属性在大多数情况下更合适，但有时也需要一个自定义的侦听器。这就是为什么 Vue 通过 watch 选项提供了一个更通用的方法来响应数据的变化。当需要在数据变化时执行异步或开销较大的操作时，这个方式是最有用的。从 Vue 官方文档对 watch 的解释我们可以了解到，使用 watch 选项允许我们执行异步操作（访问一个 API）或高消耗性能的操作，限制我们执行该操作的频率，并在我们得到最终结果前，设置中间状态，而这些都是计算属性无法做到的。
当你把一个普通的 JavaScript 对象传给 Vue 实例的 data 选项时，Vue 将遍历此对象所有的属性，并使用 Object.defineProperty 把这些属性全部转为 getter/setter，这些 getter/setter 对用户来说是不可见的，但是在内部它们让 Vue 追踪依赖，在属性被访问和修改时通知变化，每个组件实例都有相应的 watcher 实例对象，它会在组件渲染的过程中把属性记录为依赖，之后当依赖项的 setter 被调用时，会通知 watcher 重新计算，从而致使它关联的组件得以更新。Vue 响应系统，其核心有三点：observe、watcher、dep：
export function initState (vm: Component) {
vm._watchers = []
const opts = vm.$options
if (opts.props) initProps(vm, opts.props)
if (opts.methods) initMethods(vm, opts.methods)
if (opts.data) {
initData(vm)
} else {
observe(vm._data = {}, true /* asRootData */)
}
// computed初始化
if (opts.computed) initComputed(vm, opts.computed)
if (opts.watch && opts.watch !== nativeWatch) {
initWatch(vm, opts.watch)
}
}
const computedWatcherOptions = { computed: true }
function initComputed (vm: Component, computed: Object) {
// $flow-disable-line
const watchers = vm._computedWatchers = Object.create(null)
// computed properties are just getters during SSR
const isSSR = isServerRendering()
for (const key in computed) {
const userDef = computed[key]
const getter = typeof userDef === 'function' ? userDef : userDef.get
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' && getter == null) {
warn(
'Getter is missing for computed property "${key}".',
vm
)
}
if (!isSSR) {
// create internal watcher for the computed property.
watchers[key] = new Watcher(
vm,
getter || noop,
noop,
computedWatcherOptions
)
}
// component-defined computed properties are already defined on the
// component prototype. We only need to define computed properties defined
// at instantiation here.
if (!(key in vm)) {
defineComputed(vm, key, userDef)
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (key in vm.$data) {
warn('The computed property "${key}" is already defined in data.', vm)
} else if (vm.$options.props && key in vm.$options.props) {
warn('The computed property "${key}" is already defined as a prop.', vm)
}
}
}
}
watchers[key] = new Watcher(
vm,
getter || noop,
noop,
computedWatcherOptions
)
class Watcher {
constructor (
vm: Component,
expOrFn: string | Function,
cb: Function,
options?: ?Object,
isRenderWatcher?: boolean
) {
if (options) {
this.computed = !!options.computed
}
if (this.computed) {
this.value = undefined
this.dep = new Dep()
} else {
this.value = this.get()
}
}
get () {
pushTarget(this)
let value
const vm = this.vm
try {
value = this.getter.call(vm, vm)
} catch (e) {
} finally {
popTarget()
}
return value
}
update () {
if (this.computed) {
if (this.dep.subs.length === 0) {
this.dirty = true
} else {
this.getAndInvoke(() => {
this.dep.notify()
})
}
} else if (this.sync) {
this.run()
} else {
queueWatcher(this)
}
}
evaluate () {
if (this.dirty) {
this.value = this.get()
this.dirty = false
}
return this.value
}
depend () {
if (this.dep && Dep.target) {
this.dep.depend()
}
}
}export default class Dep {
static target: ?Watcher;
subs: Array<Watcher>;
constructor () {
this.id = uid++
this.subs = []
}
addSub (sub: Watcher) {
this.subs.push(sub)
}
depend () {
if (Dep.target) {
Dep.target.addDep(this)
}
}
notify () {
const subs = this.subs.slice()
for (let i = 0, l = subs.length; i < l; i++) {
subs.update()
}
}
}
Dep.target = nullwatcher 中实例化了 dep 并向 dep.subs 中添加了订阅者，dep 通过 notify 遍历了 dep.subs 通知每个 watcher 更新。
if (!(key in vm)) {
defineComputed(vm, key, userDef)
} else if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (key in vm.$data) {
warn('The computed property "${key}" is already defined in data.', vm)
} else if (vm.$options.props && key in vm.$options.props) {
warn('The computed property "${key}" is already defined as a prop.', vm)
}
}export function defineComputed (
target: any,
key: string,
userDef: Object | Function
) {
const shouldCache = !isServerRendering()
if (typeof userDef === 'function') {
sharedPropertyDefinition.get = shouldCache
? createComputedGetter(key)
: userDef
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = noop
} else {
sharedPropertyDefinition.get = userDef.get
? shouldCache && userDef.cache !== false
? createComputedGetter(key)
: userDef.get
: noop
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = userDef.set
? userDef.set
: noop
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production' &&
sharedPropertyDefinition.set === noop) {
sharedPropertyDefinition.set = function () {
warn(
'Computed property "${key}" was assigned to but it has no setter.',
this
)
}
}
Object.defineProperty(target, key, sharedPropertyDefinition)
}
const sharedPropertyDefinition = {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: noop,
set: noop
}sharedPropertyDefinition = {
enumerable: true,
configurable: true,
get: function computedGetter () {
const watcher = this._computedWatchers && this._computedWatchers[key]
if (watcher) {
watcher.depend()
return watcher.evaluate()
}
},
set: userDef.set || noop
}
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