1.建表 首先引用下,可model设定的各种字段类型 在model中建立一个表 from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Person(models.Model): #定义一个用户名字段,不能重复 username = models.CharField(max_length=10,unique=True) password = models.CharField(max_length=10) #默认值设定1 age = models.IntegerField() #False 代表男 True 代表女 女为1 男为0 sex = models.BooleanField(default=False) #可通过指定属性,来设定生成的列名,但在使用类中还是p_des p_des = models.CharField(max_length=100,db_column='des') create_date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now=True) class Meta: #指定生成表名,不指定默认生成格式为APP+类名 db_table = 'user' python manage.py makemigrations python manage.py migrate 通过代码随机生成些数据,这里有个小坑,也许会碰到=。= def addUser(request): for i in range(5): person = Person() num = random.randrange(100) person.username = 'sola%d' % num person.password = 'pass%d' % num person.age = num person.sex = num % 2 person.save() return HttpResponse("success") 2.条件查询 可用过filter与exclude来链式查询。 def getUser(request): #可以通过filter来查询(满足),可以继续链式多个条件。 #users = Person.objects.filter(username__contains="5").filter(username__contains=3) #也可以用通过exclude(不满足),来查询 users = Person.objects.exclude(username__contains="5").filter(username__contains="9") for user in users: print(user.username) print(user.create_date) return HttpResponse("success") 3.另一种添加方法 def addUserTwo(request): user = Person.objects.create(username='rui~',password='rui!',age=18) user.save() return HttpResponse("success") 4.排序 def getUser(request): #直接加入order_by即可根据字段排序,默认是正序,前面加减号为倒叙 users = Person.objects.filter(age__in=['73','34','84']).order_by("-username") for user in users: print(user.username) print(user.create_date) return HttpResponse("success") 5.将数据转成字典(转成Map) def getUser(request): #values可以直接把结果转换成字典,字典可通过工具直接转成JSON users = Person.objects.filter(age__in=['63','50','36','11']).values() for user in users: print(user.username) print(user.create_date) print(user.sex) return HttpResponse("success") 6.二次查询(查询结果再次查询) def getUser(request): users = Person.objects.filter(age__in=['63','50','36','11']) #可以再一次进行查询 users = users.filter(age='50') for user in users: print(user.username) print(user.create_date) print(user.sex) return HttpResponse("success") 7.切片查询 def getUser(request): #切片查询,从第四条开始,到第五条,不能有负数 users = Person.objects.all()[3:5] for user in users: print(user.username) print(user.create_date) print(user.sex) return HttpResponse("success") 8.忽略大小写查询 查询前加入i即可 9.更改时间区域设定 默认Django有一套自定义的外汇返佣时区,与一般的数据库不匹配,会造成查询不准确,需要去setting中关闭它 #默认是True,改为False即可 USE_TZ = False 10.聚合函数 def getUser(request): #聚合函数,Avg平均,Count数量,Max最大,Min最小,Sum求和;参数填入字段 avgNum = Person.objects.aggregate(Avg("age")) print(avgNum) return HttpResponse("success") 11.某一条字段进行对比 def getUser(request): #一条数据中某字段进行对比,可进行大小等于,包含等 #users = Person.objects.filter(age=F("id")) #也可以这么写,age 大于 id+1 users = Person.objects.filter(age__gt=F("id")+1) print(users.values()) return HttpResponse("success") 12.逻辑运算符的查询写法 def getUser(request): users = Person.objects.filter(Q(age__gt=90) & Q(age__lt=100)) print(users.values()) return HttpResponse("success") 13.封装某些默认查询条件 因为查询方法是通过Django在model中自动生成查询objectsManager,我们可以建立一个类继承于Manager,并重写他的查询方法,再给Model类中赋予对象给objects参数,再通过调用objects参数进行查询,就会过滤想默认过滤的条件。 model #歌曲类管理 class SongManager(models.Manager): def get_queryset(self): return super(SongManager,self).get_queryset().filter(is_deleter=1) #继承歌曲管理类 class Song(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=50) length = models.CharField(max_length=10) is_deleter = models.IntegerField(max_length=1,default=0) singer = models.CharField(max_length=30) objects = SongManager() views def getSong(request): songs = Song.objects.all() for song in songs: print(song.name) return HttpResponse("success") 原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/jiulanhao/article/details/103027355
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