synchronized synchronized是一个同步锁关键字,作用就是让线程只能逐一执行,不能并行执行,至于底层怎么实现,不是我这种连用都不会的人改关注的。 用法 – 修饰代码快(非静态) 测试代码(不加synchronized): public class Synchronized { public static void main (String[] args) { Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); Thread first = new SynchronizedThread("first", teacher); Thread second = new SynchronizedThread("second", teacher); first.start(); second.start(); } static class SynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public SynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { teacher.say(name); } } static class Teacher { public void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); //System.out.println("线程进入睡眠"); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } } 执行结果: 我正在教first 我正在教second second睡眠三秒 first睡眠三秒 两个睡眠三秒几乎是同时出现。 测试代码(加synchronized): static class Teacher { public void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); synchronized (this) { //System.out.println("线程进入睡眠"); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } } 输出结果: 我正在教first 我正在教second first睡眠三秒 second睡眠三秒 虽然看着是一样的,实际输出的时候,是先输出一个睡眠三秒,3秒之后,再输出一个睡眠三秒。 总结:在多个线程操作同一个对象,执行加锁的对象方法的时候,逐一执行同步代码块中的代码,锁的是对象实例 – 修饰对象方法 测试代码(加synchronized): static class Teacher { public synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first first睡眠三秒 我正在教second second睡眠三秒 可以看到输出结果是先是一个线程(first)执行了方法,然后是另外一个线程(second)执行了方法。 测试代码(不加synchronized): static class Teacher { public void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first 我正在教second second睡眠三秒 first睡眠三秒 可以看到两个线程几乎同时执行了,这和外汇返佣http://www.fx61.com/代码块的测试是一样的结果。 测试代码(一个方法不加synchronized,一个方法加synchronized): public class Synchronized { public static void main (String[] args) { Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); Thread first = new SynchronizedThread("first", teacher); Thread second = new AnotherSynchronizedThread("second", teacher); first.start(); second.start(); } static class SynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public SynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { teacher.say(name); } } static class AnotherSynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public AnotherSynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { teacher.hello(name); } } static class Teacher { public synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } public void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } } 执行结果: 我正在教first 我会说hello hello second first睡眠三秒 可以看到,多线线程执行同一个对象的同步方法和非同步方法的时候,两个方法的执行相互不影响。 测试代码(一个方法加synchronized,另外一个方法也加synchronized): static class Teacher { public synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } public synchronized void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first first睡眠三秒 我会说hello hello second 虽然结果不能明显看出输出顺序,但是执行时我能看到是先执行一个方法,执行完之后再执行另外一个方法。 测试代码(一个静态方法不加synchronized,一个对象方法加synchronized): public class Synchronized { public static void main (String[] args) { Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); Thread first = new SynchronizedThread("first", teacher); Thread second = new AnotherSynchronizedThread("second", teacher); first.start(); second.start(); } static class SynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public SynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { teacher.say(name); } } static class AnotherSynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public AnotherSynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { Teacher.hello(name); } } static class Teacher { public synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } public static void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } } 执行结果: 我正在教first 我会说hello hello second first睡眠三秒 从结果上可以看到,对象方法上加同步对静态方法没有影响。 另外静态方法加上了synchronized,两个方法的执行之间也不影响。 总结:1、首先静态方法加不加同步,对实例方法没什么影响; 2、加同步的实例方法,对不加同步的实例方法没什么影响; 3、只有都是实例方法并且都加同步的情况下,才会出现同步逐一执行的效果; 静态方法 – 静态方法 上面已经知道了对象方法加同步,对静态方法没有影响。 测试代码(两个静态方法加synchronized): static class Teacher { public static synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } public static synchronized void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first first睡眠三秒 我会说hello hello second 可以看到,是先执行了一个方法,再执行另外一个方法。 测试代码(一个静态方法加synchronized,一个静态方法不加synchronized): static class Teacher { public static synchronized void say(String name) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } public static void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first 我会说hello hello second first睡眠三秒 两个方法的执行没有影响。 总结:静态方法方法加同步只对加了同步的静态方法有影响。 以上都是常规的写法,实例方法给对象实例枷锁,静态方法给类枷锁。还有一些其它的写法。 其它写法 测试代码(在实例方法上加synchronized,加锁的是类): static class Teacher { public static void say(String name) { synchronized(Teacher.class) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } public static synchronized void hello(String name) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } 执行结果: 我正在教first first睡眠三秒 我会说hello hello second 执行效果,类似与两个加了同步的静态方法,这种写法是给类加锁,所有需要同步类的方法都会受影响。 测试代码(定义一个类变量(是一个对象),用来同步): public class Synchronized { private static Test lock = new Test(); public static void main (String[] args) { Teacher teacher = new Teacher(); Thread first = new SynchronizedThread("first", teacher); Thread second = new AnotherSynchronizedThread("second", teacher); first.start(); second.start(); } static class SynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public SynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { teacher.say(name); } } static class AnotherSynchronizedThread extends Thread { private String name; private Teacher teacher; public AnotherSynchronizedThread (String name, Teacher teacher) { this.name = name; this.teacher = teacher; } @Override public void run () { Teacher.hello(name); } } static class Teacher { public void say(String name) { synchronized(lock) { System.out.println("我正在教" + name); SleepUtil.sleep(3000); System.out.println(name + "睡眠三秒"); } } public static void hello(String name) { synchronized(lock) { System.out.println("我会说hello"); System.out.println("hello " + name); } } } static class Test { } } 执行结果: 我正在教first first睡眠三秒 我会说hello hello second 这种写法等效于类加同步,或者实例加同步,不过同步的对象变为了自己定义的另外一个对象。 synchronized同步: 同步实例对象时,只对使用这个对象锁的方法有影响; 同步类时,只对使用这个类锁的方法有影响;
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