1.数据导入 1)向表中装载数据(load) 语法
load data [local]
inpath '/opt/module/datas/student.txt'
[overwrite]
into table student
[partition (partcol1=val1,…)];
load data:表示加载数据
local:表示从本地加载数据到hive表;否则从HDFS加载数据到hive表
inpath:表示加载数据的路径
into table:表示加载到哪张表
student:表示具体的表
overwrite:表示覆盖表中已有数据,否则表示追加
partition:表示上传到指定分区 2)通过查询语句向表中插入数据(Insert) 基本插入数据
insert into table student
partition(month='201709')
values('1004','wangwu');
基本模式插入(根据单张表查询结果)
insert overwrite table student
partition(month='201708')
select id, name from student
where month='201709';
多插入模式(根据多张表查询结果)
from student
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201707')
select id, name where month='201709'
insert overwrite table student partition(month='201706')
select id, name where month='201709';
3)查询语句中创建表并加载数据(As Select) create table if not exists student1 as select id,name from student;4)创建表时通过Location指定加载数据路径 创建表,并指定在hdfs上的位置
create table if not exists student1(
id int,
name string
)
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t'
location '/user/hive/warehouse/student1';
上传数据到hdfs上 dfs -put /opt/module/datas/student.txt /user/hive/warehouse/student1;5)import数据到指定Hive表中 先用export导出后,再将数据导入
import table student2
partition(month='201709')
from '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
2.数据导出 1)insert导出 将查询的结果导出到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student'
select * from student;
将查询的结果格式化导出到本地
insert overwrite local directory '/opt/module/datas/export/student1'
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' collection items terminated by '\n'
select * from student;
将查询的结果导出到HDFS上(没有local)
insert overwrite directory '/user/atguigu/hive/warehouse/student2'
row format delimited fields terminated by '\t' collection items terminated by'\n'
select * from student;
2)Hadoop命令导出到本地 dfs -get /user/hive/warehouse/student/month=201709/000000_0 /opt/module/datas/export/student1.txt;3)Hive Shell 命令导出 bin/hive -e 'select * from default.student;' > /opt/module/datas/export/student1.txt;
4)export导出到HDFS上
export table default.student
to '/user/hive/warehouse/export/student';
5)Sqoop导出 3.清除表中数据(Truncate) truncate table student;这里Truncate只能删除管理表,不能删除外部表中数据
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