Arrays.sort(T[], Comparator < ? super T > c) 是用来对用户自定义的对象数组排序功能的。Java 官方文档简单描述了它的作用,但不足以让我们深刻理解。为了更深入地理解它,这篇文章将梳理相关的关键点。 1、简单实例:如何使用Arrays.sort() 通过阅读下面代码,你能快速正确了解这个方法的用途。Comparator(比较器)用于根据Dogs的size比较其大小,并作为sort方法的参数。 - import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.Comparator;
-
- class Dog{
- int size;
- public Dog(int s){
- size = s;
- }
- }
-
- class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
-
- @Override
- public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
- return o1.size - o2.size;
- }
- }
-
- public class ArraySort {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
- Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
- Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
-
- Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
- printDogs(dogArray);
-
- Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
- printDogs(dogArray);
- }
-
- public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
- for(Dog d: dogs)
- System.out.print(d.size + " " );
-
- System.out.println();
- }
- }
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输出:
2、策略模式的使用这是运用策略模式的一个很好的场景,为什么策略模式对于这种场景非常适用?简单来说,策略模式使不同的算法在运行时得以选择。在这个例子中,通过传递不同的Comparator,可以选择不同的算法。基于上例,现在假设你有一个Comparator,用weight来代替size来比较Dogs。你可以简单创建一个新的Comprator如下:- class Dog{
- int size;
- int weight;
-
- public Dog(int s, int w){
- size = s;
- weight = w;
- }
- }
-
- class DogSizeComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
-
- @Override
- public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
- return o1.size - o2.size;
- }
- }
-
- class DogWeightComparator implements Comparator<Dog>{
-
- @Override
- public int compare(Dog o1, Dog o2) {
- return o1.weight - o2.weight;
- }
- }
-
- public class ArraySort {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Dog d1 = new Dog(2, 50);
- Dog d2 = new Dog(1, 30);
- Dog d3 = new Dog(3, 40);
-
- Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
- printDogs(dogArray);
-
- Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogSizeComparator());
- printDogs(dogArray);
-
- Arrays.sort(dogArray, new DogWeightComparator());
- printDogs(dogArray);
- }
-
- public static void printDogs(Dog[] dogs){
- for(Dog d: dogs)
- System.out.print("size="+d.size + " weight=" + d.weight + " ");
-
- System.out.println();
- }
- }
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输出:- size=2 weight=50 size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40
- size=1 weight=30 size=2 weight=50 size=3 weight=40
- size=1 weight=30 size=3 weight=40 size=2 weight=50
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Comparator仅仅是一个接口,任何实现了Comparator在运行时都可以被使用,这是策略模式的核心理念。3、为什么使用“super”很显然,如果”Comparator<T>c”作为参数,但是第二个参数是”Comparator< ? super T > c”,使用<? super T>意味着类型可以是T或者是它的超类。为什么允许超类型呢?答案是:这种方式允许所有子类使用同一个comparator。看看下面这个例子一目了然。- import java.util.Arrays;
- import java.util.Comparator;
-
- class Animal{
- int size;
- }
-
- class Dog extends Animal{
- public Dog(int s){
- size = s;
- }
- }
-
- class Cat extends Animal{
- public Cat(int s){
- size = s;
- }
- }
-
- class AnimalSizeComparator implements Comparator<Animal>{
-
- @Override
- public int compare(Animal o1, Animal o2) {
- return o1.size - o2.size;
- }
- //in this way, all sub classes of Animal can use this comparator.
- }
-
- public class ArraySort {
-
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Dog d1 = new Dog(2);
- Dog d2 = new Dog(1);
- Dog d3 = new Dog(3);
-
- Dog[] dogArray = {d1, d2, d3};
- printDogs(dogArray);
-
- Arrays.sort(dogArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
- printDogs(dogArray);
-
- System.out.println();
-
- //when you have an array of Cat, same Comparator can be used.
- Cat c1 = new Cat(2);
- Cat c2 = new Cat(1);
- Cat c3 = new Cat(3);
-
- Cat[] catArray = {c1, c2, c3};
- printDogs(catArray);
-
- Arrays.sort(catArray, new AnimalSizeComparator());
- printDogs(catArray);
- }
-
- public static void printDogs(Animal[] animals){
- for(Animal a: animals)
- System.out.print("size="+a.size + " ");
- System.out.println();
- }
- }
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输出:- size=2 size=1 size=3
- size=1 size=2 size=3
-
- size=2 size=1 size=3
- size=1 size=2 size=3
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4、总结总的来说,从Arrays.sort()中你应该了解到:- generic(范型)——super
- 策略模式
- 归并排序——nlog(n)时间复杂度
- java.util.Collections.sort(List<T>list, Comparator<?super T> c)类似于Arrays.sort
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