自己从零开始创建python开发环境，安装python、setuptools、pip等                       

(houwenbin1986)

                                                        最近需要编译opencv-2.4.12，下载源码opencv-2.4.13.zip后：
unzip opencv-2.4.13.zipcd opencv-2.4.12mkdir buildcd buildcmake ..//报错，找不到ccmake ..//GUI模式，进行相应的配置make
在cmake配置时，Could NOT find PythonLibs (missing: PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS PYTHON_LIBRARIES)，找不到PythonLibs，好吧，修改/usr/share/cmake/Modules/FindPythonLibs.cmake：因为我想用anaconda2，加入
#fixed by houwenbin
#set(PYTHON_FOUND 1)
#set(PYTHON_INCLUDE_DIRS "/root/anaconda2/include")
#set(PYTHON_LIBRARIES "/root/anaconda2/lib")

再次试，虽然找到了，仍然报：
target opencv_python requests linking to directory......Targets may link only to libraries. CMake is dropping the item.

表现为总是找到的是系统自带的Python2.6.6的so库。
不想捣鼓系统的Python，那就还是用系统的吧！！！

补全安装系统的Python开发环境：
yum install python-devel
再次配置opencv，出现找不到numpy，安装，没有setuptools，安装：wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py --no-check-certificatepython ez_setup.pycd numpy-1.11.2rc1python setup.py install
贴一下ez_setup.py#!/usr/bin/env python"""Setuptools bootstrapping installer.Maintained at https://github.com/pypa/setuptools/tree/bootstrap.Run this script to install or upgrade setuptools."""import osimport shutilimport sysimport tempfileimport zipfileimport optparseimport subprocessimport platformimport textwrapimport contextlibimport jsonimport codecsfrom distutils import logtry:    from urllib.request import urlopen    from urllib.parse import urljoinexcept ImportError:    from urllib2 import urlopen    from urlparse import urljointry:    from site import USER_SITEexcept ImportError:    USER_SITE = NoneLATEST = object()DEFAULT_VERSION = LATESTDEFAULT_URL = "https://pypi.io/packages/source/s/setuptools/"DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR = os.curdirdef _python_cmd(*args):    """    Execute a command.    Return True if the command succeeded.    """    args = (sys.executable,) + args    return subprocess.call(args) == 0def _install(archive_filename, install_args=()):    """Install Setuptools."""    with archive_context(archive_filename):        # installing        log.warn('Installing Setuptools')        if not _python_cmd('setup.py', 'install', *install_args):            log.warn('Something went wrong during the installation.')            log.warn('See the error message above.')            # exitcode will be 2            return 2def _build_egg(egg, archive_filename, to_dir):    """Build Setuptools egg."""    with archive_context(archive_filename):        # building an egg        log.warn('Building a Setuptools egg in %s', to_dir)        _python_cmd('setup.py', '-q', 'bdist_egg', '--dist-dir', to_dir)    # returning the result    log.warn(egg)    if not os.path.exists(egg):        raise IOError('Could not build the egg.')class ContextualZipFile(zipfile.ZipFile):    """Supplement ZipFile class to support context manager for Python 2.6."""    def __enter__(self):        return self    def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback):        self.close()    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):        """Construct a ZipFile or ContextualZipFile as appropriate."""        if hasattr(zipfile.ZipFile, '__exit__'):            return zipfile.ZipFile(*args, **kwargs)        return super(ContextualZipFile, cls).__new__(cls)@contextlib.contextmanagerdef archive_context(filename):    """    Unzip filename to a temporary directory, set to the cwd.    The unzipped target is cleaned up after.    """    tmpdir = tempfile.mkdtemp()    log.warn('Extracting in %s', tmpdir)    old_wd = os.getcwd()    try:        os.chdir(tmpdir)        with ContextualZipFile(filename) as archive:            archive.extractall()        # going in the directory        subdir = os.path.join(tmpdir, os.listdir(tmpdir)[0])        os.chdir(subdir)        log.warn('Now working in %s', subdir)        yield    finally:        os.chdir(old_wd)        shutil.rmtree(tmpdir)def _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay):    """Download Setuptools."""    py_desig = 'py{sys.version_info[0]}.{sys.version_info[1]}'.format(sys=sys)    tp = 'setuptools-{version}-{py_desig}.egg'    egg = os.path.join(to_dir, tp.format(**locals()))    if not os.path.exists(egg):        archive = download_setuptools(version, download_base,            to_dir, download_delay)        _build_egg(egg, archive, to_dir)    sys.path.insert(0, egg)    # Remove previously-imported pkg_resources if present (see    # https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/pull-request/7/ for details).    if 'pkg_resources' in sys.modules:        _unload_pkg_resources()    import setuptools    setuptools.bootstrap_install_from = eggdef use_setuptools(        version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,        to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, download_delay=15):    """    Ensure that a setuptools version is installed.    Return None. Raise SystemExit if the requested version    or later cannot be installed.    """    version = _resolve_version(version)    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)    # prior to importing, capture the module state for    # representative modules.    rep_modules = 'pkg_resources', 'setuptools'    imported = set(sys.modules).intersection(rep_modules)    try:        import pkg_resources        pkg_resources.require("setuptools>=" + version)        # a suitable version is already installed        return    except ImportError:        # pkg_resources not available; setuptools is not installed; download        pass    except pkg_resources.DistributionNotFound:        # no version of setuptools was found; allow download        pass    except pkg_resources.VersionConflict as VC_err:        if imported:            _conflict_bail(VC_err, version)        # otherwise, unload pkg_resources to allow the downloaded version to        #  take precedence.        del pkg_resources        _unload_pkg_resources()    return _do_download(version, download_base, to_dir, download_delay)def _conflict_bail(VC_err, version):    """    Setuptools was imported prior to invocation, so it is    unsafe to unload it. Bail out.    """    conflict_tmpl = textwrap.dedent("""        The required version of setuptools (>={version}) is not available,        and can't be installed while this script is running. Please        install a more recent version first, using        'easy_install -U setuptools'.        (Currently using {VC_err.args[0]!r})        """)    msg = conflict_tmpl.format(**locals())    sys.stderr.write(msg)    sys.exit(2)def _unload_pkg_resources():    sys.meta_path = [        importer        for importer in sys.meta_path        if importer.__class__.__module__ != 'pkg_resources.extern'    ]    del_modules = [        name for name in sys.modules        if name.startswith('pkg_resources')    ]    for mod_name in del_modules:        del sys.modules[mod_name]def _clean_check(cmd, target):    """    Run the command to download target.    If the command fails, clean up before re-raising the error.    """    try:        subprocess.check_call(cmd)    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:        if os.access(target, os.F_OK):            os.unlink(target)        raisedef download_file_powershell(url, target):    """    Download the file at url to target using Powershell.    Powershell will validate trust.    Raise an exception if the command cannot complete.    """    target = os.path.abspath(target)    ps_cmd = (        "[System.Net.WebRequest]::DefaultWebProxy.Credentials = "        "[System.Net.CredentialCache]::DefaultCredentials; "        '(new-object System.Net.WebClient).DownloadFile("%(url)s", "%(target)s")'        % locals()    )    cmd = [        'powershell',        '-Command',        ps_cmd,    ]    _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_powershell():    """Determine if Powershell is available."""    if platform.system() != 'Windows':        return False    cmd = ['powershell', '-Command', 'echo test']    with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:        try:            subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)        except Exception:            return False    return Truedownload_file_powershell.viable = has_powershelldef download_file_curl(url, target):    cmd = ['curl', url, '--location', '--silent', '--output', target]    _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_curl():    cmd = ['curl', '--version']    with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:        try:            subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)        except Exception:            return False    return Truedownload_file_curl.viable = has_curldef download_file_wget(url, target):    cmd = ['wget', url, '--quiet', '--output-document', target]    _clean_check(cmd, target)def has_wget():    cmd = ['wget', '--version']    with open(os.path.devnull, 'wb') as devnull:        try:            subprocess.check_call(cmd, stdout=devnull, stderr=devnull)        except Exception:            return False    return Truedownload_file_wget.viable = has_wgetdef download_file_insecure(url, target):    """Use Python to download the file, without connection authentication."""    src = urlopen(url)    try:        # Read all the data in one block.        data = src.read()    finally:        src.close()    # Write all the data in one block to avoid creating a partial file.    with open(target, "wb") as dst:        dst.write(data)download_file_insecure.viable = lambda: Truedef get_best_downloader():    downloaders = (        download_file_powershell,        download_file_curl,        download_file_wget,        download_file_insecure,    )    viable_downloaders = (dl for dl in downloaders if dl.viable())    return next(viable_downloaders, None)def download_setuptools(        version=DEFAULT_VERSION, download_base=DEFAULT_URL,        to_dir=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR, delay=15,        downloader_factory=get_best_downloader):    """    Download setuptools from a specified location and return its filename.    `version` should be a valid setuptools version number that is available    as an sdist for download under the `download_base` URL (which should end    with a '/'). `to_dir` is the directory where the egg will be downloaded.    `delay` is the number of seconds to pause before an actual download    attempt.    ``downloader_factory`` should be a function taking no arguments and    returning a function for downloading a URL to a target.    """    version = _resolve_version(version)    # making sure we use the absolute path    to_dir = os.path.abspath(to_dir)    zip_name = "setuptools-%s.zip" % version    url = download_base + zip_name    saveto = os.path.join(to_dir, zip_name)    if not os.path.exists(saveto):  # Avoid repeated downloads        log.warn("Downloading %s", url)        downloader = downloader_factory()        downloader(url, saveto)    return os.path.realpath(saveto)def _resolve_version(version):    """    Resolve LATEST version    """    if version is not LATEST:        return version    meta_url = urljoin(DEFAULT_URL, '/pypi/setuptools/json')    resp = urlopen(meta_url)    with contextlib.closing(resp):        try:            charset = resp.info().get_content_charset()        except Exception:            # Python 2 compat; assume UTF-8            charset = 'UTF-8'        reader = codecs.getreader(charset)        doc = json.load(reader(resp))    return str(doc['info']['version'])def _build_install_args(options):    """    Build the arguments to 'python setup.py install' on the setuptools package.    Returns list of command line arguments.    """    return ['--user'] if options.user_install else []def _parse_args():    """Parse the command line for options."""    parser = optparse.OptionParser()    parser.add_option(        '--user', dest='user_install', action='store_true', default=False,        help='install in user site package')    parser.add_option(        '--download-base', dest='download_base', metavar="URL",        default=DEFAULT_URL,        help='alternative URL from where to download the setuptools package')    parser.add_option(        '--insecure', dest='downloader_factory', action='store_const',        const=lambda: download_file_insecure, default=get_best_downloader,        help='Use internal, non-validating downloader'    )    parser.add_option(        '--version', help="Specify which version to download",        default=DEFAULT_VERSION,    )    parser.add_option(        '--to-dir',        help="Directory to save (and re-use) package",        default=DEFAULT_SAVE_DIR,    )    options, args = parser.parse_args()    # positional arguments are ignored    return optionsdef _download_args(options):    """Return args for download_setuptools function from cmdline args."""    return dict(        version=options.version,        download_base=options.download_base,        downloader_factory=options.downloader_factory,        to_dir=options.to_dir,    )def main():    """Install or upgrade setuptools and EasyInstall."""    options = _parse_args()    archive = download_setuptools(**_download_args(options))    return _install(archive, _build_install_args(options))if __name__ == '__main__':    sys.exit(main())


配置opencv，编译OK！



同理，安装pip-8.1.2：
tar xzf pip-8.1.2.tar.gzcd pip-8.1.2python setup.py install

                                                       
                                                                               

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