最近研究了一下python爬虫，所以写一下自己的经验，爬取豆瓣电影的信息。（第一次写这个！）
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1，首先找一些代理用户代理（user_agent）
self.user_agent = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", ]复制代码2.找了一个获取代理ip的网址
www.kuaidaili.com/ops/proxyli…
3.测试代理ip是否有效的网址
'http://icanhazip.com'
4.下面代码是爬取信息所用的时间。
# 计算运行所需的时间def run_time(func): def wrapper(*args, **kw): start = time.time() func(*args, **kw) end = time.time() print('running', end-start, 's') return wrapper复制代码5.定义一些常量
def __init__(self): # 豆瓣链接 self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250' # 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用 self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/' # 测试代理IP是否代理成功 self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com' # 爬取豆瓣信息的队列 self.qurl = Queue() # 爬取代理ip信息的队列 self.IPQurl = Queue() self.data = list() self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多 self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量 self.first_running = True # 设置代理ip self.proxy = {} # 设置获取代理ip的代理ip self.proxy1 = {} # 不设置代理ip self.notproxy = {} self.user_agent = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", ]复制代码6.爬取代理ip的信息放入队列里，方便爬取豆瓣信息时获取。
def get_proxy(self): url = self.getProxy try: # random.choice(self.user_agent)是随机获取一个用户代理。 # 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy1 r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)}, proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=1) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if (r.status_code == 200): soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') ip_list = soup.find_all('table', id='ip_list') if(len(ip_list)): tr_list = ip_list[0].find_all('tr')[1:10] for i in tr_list: td_list = i.find_all('td') temp = td_list[5].text + ',' + td_list[1].text + ':' +td_list[2].text self.IPQurl.put(temp) return True else: print('页面查询不到该id') return False else: print('无法获取代理ip') return False except Exception as e: print('获取代理ip出错--',str(e)) return False复制代码7.设置代理ip的值
def set_proxy(self): if self.IPQurl.empty(): if self.get_proxy(): arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') arr1 = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr[1]} else: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr[1]} if arr1[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr1[1]} else: self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr1[1]} else: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} else: arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]} else: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]}复制代码8.开始爬取豆瓣top250数据的链接。
def parse_first(self, url): print('crawling,parse_first', url) self.set_proxy() try: # 因为免费的代理ip不稳定所以这里设置self.notproxy，如果稳定的话就换成self.proxy r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if r.status_code == 200: soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') # 每一页爬数据条数 movies = soup.find_all('div', class_='info')[:self.item_num] for movie in movies: url = movie.find('div', class_='hd').a['href'] self.qurl.put(url) nextpage = soup.find('span', class_='next').a if nextpage: nexturl = self.start_url + nextpage['href'] self.parse_first(nexturl) else: self.first_running = False else: print('ip被屏蔽') self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} self.first_running = False except Exception as e: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} self.first_running = False print('代理ip代理失败--',str(e))复制代码9.是时候爬取真正的信息了，爬取的信息写入数组里面。
def parse_second(self): # 停止触发的条件是self.first_running = False和self.qurl为空。 while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty(): if not self.qurl.empty(): url = self.qurl.get() print('crawling,parse_second', url) self.set_proxy() try: r = requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if r.status_code == 200: soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') mydict = {} mydict['url'] = url title = soup.find('span', property = 'v:itemreviewed') mydict['title'] = title.text if title else None duration = soup.find('span', property = 'v:runtime') mydict['duration'] = duration.text if duration else None addtime = soup.find('span', property = 'v:initialReleaseDate') mydict['addtime'] = addtime.text if addtime else None average = soup.find('strong', property = 'v:average') mydict['average'] = average.text if average else None imgSrc = soup.find_all('div', id='mainpic')[0].img['src'] mydict['imgSrc'] = imgSrc if imgSrc else None mydict['play'] = [] ul = soup.find_all('ul', class_='bs') if len(ul): li = ul[0].find_all('li') for i in li: obj = { 'url':urllib.parse.unquote(i.a['href'].replace('https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=','')), 'text':i.a.text.replace(' ', '').replace('\n','') } mydict['play'].append(obj) self.data.append(mydict) # 线程随机休眠 time.sleep(random.random() * 5) else: print('ip被屏蔽') except Exception as e: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} print('代理ip代理失败2--',str(e))复制代码10.真正要运行的函数是这里。
#这个是函数运行完所需要的时间 @run_time def run(self): ths = [] th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first, args=(self.start_url, )) th1.start() ths.append(th1) for _ in range(self.thread_num): th = Thread(target=self.parse_second,) th.setDaemon(True) th.start() ths.append(th) for th in ths: # 等待线程终止 th.join() s = json.dumps(self.data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4) with open('top250.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(s) print('Data crawling is finished.')复制代码11.开始运行啦。
if __name__ == '__main__': Spider().run()复制代码12.最后运行完啦。这里只爬取了50条数据，用了20秒。
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爬取出来的数据格式是这样子的。
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13.最后附上所有代码，希望能帮到你。
import timeimport jsonimport randomimport loggingimport requestsimport urllib.parsefrom queue import Queuefrom threading import Threadfrom bs4 import BeautifulSouplogging.captureWarnings(True)# 爬豆瓣电影 Top 250# 计算运行所需的时间def run_time(func): def wrapper(*args, **kw): start = time.time() func(*args, **kw) end = time.time() print('running', end-start, 's') return wrapperclass Spider(): def __init__(self): self.start_url = 'https://movie.douban.com/top250' # 获取代理IP链接,不能确保代理ip真实可用 self.getProxy = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/1/' # 测试代理IP是否代理成功 self.testIP = 'http://icanhazip.com' self.qurl = Queue() self.IPQurl = Queue() self.data = list() self.item_num = 5 # 限制每页提取个数（也决定了二级页面数量）防止对网页请求过多 self.thread_num = 10 # 抓取二级页面线程数量 self.first_running = True # 设置代理ip self.proxy = {} # 设置获取代理ip的代理ip self.proxy1 = {} # 不设置代理ip self.notproxy = {} self.user_agent = [ "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; AcooBrowser; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0; Acoo Browser; SLCC1; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 5.0; .NET CLR 3.0.04506)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; AOL 9.5; AOLBuild 4337.35; Windows NT 5.1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 9.0; en-US)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 9.0; Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64; Trident/5.0; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Media Center PC 6.0)", "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0; Trident/4.0; WOW64; Trident/4.0; SLCC2; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; .NET CLR 3.5.30729; .NET CLR 3.0.30729; .NET CLR 1.0.3705; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0b; Windows NT 5.2; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; InfoPath.2; .NET CLR 3.0.04506.30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN) AppleWebKit/523.15 (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.3 (Change: 287 c9dfb30)", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux; en-US) AppleWebKit/527+ (KHTML, like Gecko, Safari/419.3) Arora/0.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US; rv:1.8.1.2pre) Gecko/20070215 K-Ninja/2.1.1", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; zh-CN; rv:1.9) Gecko/20080705 Firefox/3.0 Kapiko/3.0", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; U;) Gecko/20070322 Kazehakase/0.4.5", "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; U; Linux i686; en-US; rv:1.9.0.8) Gecko Fedora/1.9.0.8-1.fc10 Kazehakase/0.5.6", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/17.0.963.56 Safari/535.11", "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_7_3) AppleWebKit/535.20 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1036.7 Safari/535.20", "Opera/9.80 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6.8; U; fr) Presto/2.9.168 Version/11.52", ] def get_proxy(self): url = self.getProxy try: r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)}, proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=1) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if (r.status_code == 200): soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') ip_list = soup.find_all('table', id='ip_list') if(len(ip_list)): tr_list = ip_list[0].find_all('tr')[1:10] for i in tr_list: td_list = i.find_all('td') temp = td_list[5].text + ',' + td_list[1].text + ':' +td_list[2].text self.IPQurl.put(temp) return True else: print('页面查询不到该id') return False else: print('无法获取代理ip') return False except Exception as e: print('获取代理ip出错--',str(e)) return False def set_proxy(self): if self.IPQurl.empty(): if self.get_proxy(): arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') arr1 = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr[1]} else: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr[1]} if arr1[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'http://'+arr1[1]} else: self.proxy1 = {arr1[0].lower(): 'https://'+arr1[1]} else: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} else: arr = self.IPQurl.get().split(',') if arr[0].find('HTTPS') == -1: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]} else: self.proxy = {arr[0].lower(): 'http://' + arr[1]} def parse_first(self, url): print('crawling,parse_first', url) self.set_proxy() try: r = requests.get(url, headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if r.status_code == 200: soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') # 每一页爬数据条数 movies = soup.find_all('div', class_='info')[:self.item_num] for movie in movies: url = movie.find('div', class_='hd').a['href'] self.qurl.put(url) nextpage = soup.find('span', class_='next').a if nextpage: nexturl = self.start_url + nextpage['href'] self.parse_first(nexturl) else: self.first_running = False else: print('ip被屏蔽') self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} self.first_running = False except Exception as e: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} self.first_running = False print('代理ip代理失败--',str(e)) def parse_second(self): while self.first_running or not self.qurl.empty(): if not self.qurl.empty(): url = self.qurl.get() print('crawling,parse_second', url) self.set_proxy() try: r = requests.get(url,headers={'User-Agent': random.choice(self.user_agent)},proxies=self.notproxy,verify=False,timeout=5) r.encoding = 'utf-8' if r.status_code == 200: soup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser') mydict = {} mydict['url'] = url title = soup.find('span', property = 'v:itemreviewed') mydict['title'] = title.text if title else None duration = soup.find('span', property = 'v:runtime') mydict['duration'] = duration.text if duration else None addtime = soup.find('span', property = 'v:initialReleaseDate') mydict['addtime'] = addtime.text if addtime else None average = soup.find('strong', property = 'v:average') mydict['average'] = average.text if average else None imgSrc = soup.find_all('div', id='mainpic')[0].img['src'] mydict['imgSrc'] = imgSrc if imgSrc else None mydict['play'] = [] ul = soup.find_all('ul', class_='bs') if len(ul): li = ul[0].find_all('li') for i in li: obj = { 'url':urllib.parse.unquote(i.a['href'].replace('https://www.douban.com/link2/?url=','')), 'text':i.a.text.replace(' ', '').replace('\n','') } mydict['play'].append(obj) self.data.append(mydict) # 线程随机休眠 time.sleep(random.random() * 5) else: print('ip被屏蔽') except Exception as e: self.proxy = {} self.proxy1 = {} print('代理ip代理失败2--',str(e)) @run_time def run(self): ths = [] th1 = Thread(target=self.parse_first, args=(self.start_url, )) th1.start() ths.append(th1) for _ in range(self.thread_num): th = Thread(target=self.parse_second,) th.setDaemon(True) th.start() ths.append(th) for th in ths: # 等待线程终止 th.join() s = json.dumps(self.data, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4) with open('top250.json', 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f: f.write(s) print('Data crawling is finished.')if __name__ == '__main__': Spider().run()
【转载】
作者：蕞簡單de漩嵂
链接：https://juejin.im/post/5bcecd2a6fb9a05d212ed64a
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