在上一篇文章,讲了服务的注册和发现。在微服务架构中,业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务,服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式,一种是ribbon+restTemplate,另一种是feign。在这一篇文章首先讲解下基于ribbon+rest。 一、ribbon简介Ribbon is a client side load balancer which gives you a lot of control over the behaviour of HTTP and TCP clients. Feign already uses Ribbon, so if you are using @FeignClient then this section also applies. -----摘自官网
ribbon是一个负载均衡客户端,可以很好的控制htt和tcp的一些行为。Feign默认集成了ribbon。 ribbon 已经默认实现了这些配置bean: - IClientConfig ribbonClientConfig: DefaultClientConfigImpl
- IRule ribbonRule: ZoneAvoidanceRule
- IPing ribbonPing: NoOpPing
- ServerList ribbonServerList: ConfigurationBasedServerList
- ServerListFilter ribbonServerListFilter: ZonePreferenceServerListFilter
- ILoadBalancer ribbonLoadBalancer: ZoneAwareLoadBalancer
二、准备工作这一篇文章基于上一篇文章的工程,启动eureka-server 工程;启动service-hi工程,它的端口为8762;将service-hi的配置文件的端口改为8763,并启动,这时你会发现:service-hi在eureka-server注册了2个实例,这就相当于一个小的集群。访问localhost:8761如图所示: 三、建一个服务消费者重新新建一个spring-boot工程,取名为:service-ribbon;
在它的pom.xml文件分别引入起步依赖spring-cloud-starter-eureka、spring-cloud-starter-ribbon、spring-boot-starter-web,代码如下: [XML] 纯文本查看 复制代码 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 [url]http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd[/url]">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.forezp</groupId>
<artifactId>service-ribbon</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<name>service-ribbon</name>
<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
</parent>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Dalston.RC1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>[url]https://repo.spring.io/milestone</url>[/url]
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
在工程的配置文件指定服务的注册中心地址为http://localhost:8761/eureka/,程序名称为 service-ribbon,程序端口为8764。配置文件application.yml如下: [XML] 纯文本查看 复制代码 eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
server:
port: 8764
spring:
application:
name: service-ribbon 在工程的启动类中,通过@EnableDiscoveryClient向服务中心注册;并且向程序的ioc注入一个bean: restTemplate;并通过@LoadBalanced注解表明这个restRemplate开启负载均衡的功能。 [Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码 @SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ServiceRibbonApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ServiceRibbonApplication.class, args);
}
@Bean
@LoadBalanced
RestTemplate restTemplate() {
return new RestTemplate();
}
} 写一个测试类HelloService,通过之前注入ioc容器的restTemplate来消费service-hi服务的“/hi”接口,在这里我们直接用的程序名替代了具体的url地址,在ribbon中它会根据服务名来选择具体的服务实例,根据服务实例在请求的时候会用具体的url替换掉服务名,代码如下: [Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码 @Service
public class HelloService {
@Autowired
RestTemplate restTemplate;
public String hiService(String name) {
return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HI/hi?name="+name,String.class);
}
} 写一个controller,在controller中用调用HelloService 的方法,代码如下: [Java] 纯文本查看 复制代码
@RestController
public class HelloControler {
@Autowired
HelloService helloService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi")
public String hi(@RequestParam String name){
return helloService.hiService(name);
}
} 在浏览器上多次访问http://localhost:8764/hi?name=forezp,浏览器交替显示: hi forezp,i am from port:8762 hi forezp,i am from port:8763 四、此时的架构- 一个服务注册中心,eureka server,端口为8761
- service-hi工程跑了两个实例,端口分别为8762,8763,分别向服务注册中心注册
- sercvice-ribbon端口为8764,向服务注册中心注册
- 当sercvice-ribbon通过restTemplate调用service-hi的hi接口时,因为用ribbon进行了负载均衡,会轮流的调用service-hi:8762和8763 两个端口的hi接口;
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