实验目的 - 理解HDFS在Hadoop体系结构中的角色。
- 熟练使用HDFS操作常用的Shell命令。
- 熟悉HDFS操作常用的Java API。
实验平台 - 操作系统:Ubuntu-16.04
- Hadoop版本:2.6.0
- JDK版本:1.8
- IDE:Eclipse
实验内容和要求 一,编程实现以下指定功能,并利用Hadoop提供的Shell命令完成相同任务:- 向HDFS中上传任意文本文件,如果指定的文件在HDFS中已经存在,由用户指定是追加到原有文件末尾还是覆盖原有的文件。
Shell命令实现:
1.先到Hadoop主文件夹
cd /usr/local/hadoop
2.启动Hadoop服务
sbin/start-dfs.shsbin/start-yarn.sh3.创建两个任意文本文件用于实验
echo "hello world" > local.txtecho "hello hadoop" >text.txt4.创建用户工作目录(HDFS默认工作目录格式为/user/当前用户)
hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/当前用户名5.检查文件是否存在
hadoop fs -test -e text.txtecho $?6.上传本地文件到HDFS系统
hadoop fs -put text.txt
7.追加到文件末尾的指令
hadoop fs -appendToFile local.txt text.txt
8.查看HDFS文件的内容
hadoop fs -cat text.txt
9.覆盖原有文件的指令(覆盖之后再执行一遍上一步)
hadoop fs -copyFromLocal -f local.txt text.txt
10.以上步骤也可以用如下命令实现
if $(hadoop fs -test -e text.txt);then $(hadoop fs -appendToFile local.txt text.txt);else $(hadoop fs -copyFromLocal -f local.txt text.txt);fiEclipse的使用
1.找到 File 菜单,选择 New -> Project
2.选择 Map/Reduce Project,然后Next
3.输入 Project name,然后Finish
4.点开项目,找到 src 文件夹,右键选择 New -> Class
5.输入 Package 和 Name,然后Finish
6.修改一下JRE
7.写好Java代码,右键选择 Run As -> Run on Hadoop,就可以在Console里看到结果了
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.IOException;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataOutputStream;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;public class CopyFromLocalFile { /** * 判断路径是否存在 */ public static boolean test(Configuration conf, String path) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { return fs.exists(new Path(path)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 复制文件到指定路径 若路径已存在,则进行覆盖 */ public static void copyFromLocalFile(Configuration conf, String localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) { Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath); Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { /* fs.copyFromLocalFile 第一个参数表示是否删除源文件,第二个参数表示是否覆盖 */ fs.copyFromLocalFile(false, true, localPath, remotePath); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 追加文件内容 */ public static void appendToFile(Configuration conf, String localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(localFilePath);) { FSDataOutputStream out = fs.append(remotePath); byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int read = -1; while ((read = in.read(data)) > 0) { out.write(data, 0, read); } out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String localFilePath = "/usr/local/hadoop/text.txt"; // 本地路径 String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 // String choice = "append"; // 若文件存在则追加到文件末尾 String choice = "overwrite"; // 若文件存在则覆盖 try { /* 判断文件是否存在 */ boolean fileExists = false; if (CopyFromLocalFile.test(conf, remoteFilePath)) { fileExists = true; System.out.println(remoteFilePath + " 已存在."); } else { System.out.println(remoteFilePath + " 不存在."); } /* 进行处理 */ if (!fileExists) { // 文件不存在,则上传 CopyFromLocalFile.copyFromLocalFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已上传至 " + remoteFilePath); } else if (choice.equals("overwrite")) { // 选择覆盖 CopyFromLocalFile.copyFromLocalFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已覆盖 " + remoteFilePath); } else if (choice.equals("append")) { // 选择追加 CopyFromLocalFile.appendToFile(conf, localFilePath, remoteFilePath); System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已追加至 " + remoteFilePath); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}- 从HDFS中下载指定文件,如果本地文件与要下载的文件名称相同,则自动对下载的文件重命名。
Shell命令实现:
if $(hadoop fs -test -e /usr/local/hadoop/text.txt);then $(hadoop fs -copyToLocal text.txt ./text.txt); else $(hadoop fs -copyToLocal text.txt ./text2.txt); fiJava实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;public class CopyToLocal { /** * 下载文件到本地 判断本地路径是否已存在,若已存在,则自动进行重命名 */ public static void copyToLocal(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath, String localFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { File f = new File(localFilePath); /* 如果文件名存在,自动重命名(在文件名后面加上 _0, _1 ...) */ if (f.exists()) { System.out.println(localFilePath + " 已存在."); Integer i = Integer.valueOf(0); while (true) { f = new File(localFilePath + "_" + i.toString()); if (!f.exists()) { localFilePath = localFilePath + "_" + i.toString(); break; } else { i++; continue; } } System.out.println("将重新命名为: " + localFilePath); } // 下载文件到本地 Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath); fs.copyToLocalFile(remotePath, localPath); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String localFilePath = "/usr/local/hadoop/text.txt"; // 本地路径 String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 try { CopyToLocal.copyToLocal(conf, remoteFilePath, localFilePath); System.out.println("下载完成"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}Shell命令实现:
hadoop fs -cat text.txt
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;public class Cat { /** * 读取文件内容 */ public static void cat(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); FSDataInputStream in = fs.open(remotePath); BufferedReader d = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));) { String line; while ((line = d.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/input/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 try { System.out.println("读取文件: " + remoteFilePath); Cat.cat(conf, remoteFilePath); System.out.println("\n读取完成"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}- 显示HDFS中指定的文件的读写权限、大小、创建时间、路径等信息。
Shell命令实现:
hadoop fs -ls -h text.txt
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;public class List { /** * 显示指定文件的信息 */ public static void ls(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); FileStatus[] fileStatuses = fs.listStatus(remotePath); for (FileStatus s : fileStatuses) { System.out.println("路径: " + s.getPath().toString()); System.out.println("权限: " + s.getPermission().toString()); System.out.println("大小: " + s.getLen()); /* 返回的是时间戳,转化为时间日期格式 */ long timeStamp = s.getModificationTime(); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String date = format.format(timeStamp); System.out.println("时间: " + date); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 try { System.out.println("读取文件信息: " + remoteFilePath); List.ls(conf, remoteFilePath); System.out.println("\n读取完成"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}- 给定HDFS中某一个目录,输出该目录下的所有文件的读写权限、大小、创建时间、路径等信息,如果该文件是目录,则递归输出该目录下所有文件相关信息。
Shell命令实现:
hadoop fs -ls -R -h /user/tiny
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;public class ListDir { /** * 显示指定文件夹下所有文件的信息(递归) */ public static void lsDir(Configuration conf, String remoteDir) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path dirPath = new Path(remoteDir); /* 递归获取目录下的所有文件 */ RemoteIterator<LocatedFileStatus> remoteIterator = fs.listFiles( dirPath, true); /* 输出每个文件的信息 */ while (remoteIterator.hasNext()) { FileStatus s = remoteIterator.next(); System.out.println("路径: " + s.getPath().toString()); System.out.println("权限: " + s.getPermission().toString()); System.out.println("大小: " + s.getLen()); /* 返回的是时间戳,转化为时间日期格式 */ Long timeStamp = s.getModificationTime(); SimpleDateFormat format = new SimpleDateFormat( "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"); String date = format.format(timeStamp); System.out.println("时间: " + date); System.out.println(); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteDir = "/user/tiny"; // HDFS路径 try { System.out.println("(递归)读取目录下所有文件的信息: " + remoteDir); ListDir.lsDir(conf, remoteDir); System.out.println("读取完成"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}- 提供一个HDFS内的文件的路径,对该文件进行创建和删除操作。如果文件所在目录不存在,则自动创建目录。
Shell命令实现:
if $(hadoop fs -test -d dir1/dir2);then $(hadoop fs -touchz dir1/dir2/filename); else $(hadoop fs -mkdir -p dir1/dir2 && hdfs dfs -touchz dir1/dir2/filename); fi- 删除操作
hadoop fs -rm dir1/dir2/filename
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import java.io.*;public class RemoveOrMake { /** * 判断路径是否存在 */ public static boolean test(Configuration conf, String path) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { return fs.exists(new Path(path)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 创建目录 */ public static boolean mkdir(Configuration conf, String remoteDir) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path dirPath = new Path(remoteDir); return fs.mkdirs(dirPath); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 创建文件 */ public static void touchz(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { FSDataOutputStream outputStream = fs.create(remotePath); outputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 删除文件 */ public static boolean rm(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { return fs.delete(remotePath, false); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/input/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 String remoteDir = "/user/tiny/input"; // HDFS路径对应的目录 try { /* 判断路径是否存在,存在则删除,否则进行创建 */ if (RemoveOrMake.test(conf, remoteFilePath)) { RemoveOrMake.rm(conf, remoteFilePath); // 删除 System.out.println("删除文件: " + remoteFilePath); } else { if (!RemoveOrMake.test(conf, remoteDir)) { // 若目录不存在,则进行创建 RemoveOrMake.mkdir(conf, remoteDir); System.out.println("创建文件夹: " + remoteDir); } RemoveOrMake.touchz(conf, remoteFilePath); System.out.println("创建文件: " + remoteFilePath); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}- 向HDFS中指定的文件追加内容,由用户指定内容追加到原有文件的开头或结尾。
Shell命令实现:
- 追加到文件末尾
hadoop fs -appendToFile local.txt text.txt - 追加到文件开头
hadoop fs -get text.txtcat text.txt >> local.txthadoop fs -copyFromLocal -f text.txt text.txtJava实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;public class AppendToFile { /** * 判断路径是否存在 */ public static boolean test(Configuration conf, String path) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { return fs.exists(new Path(path)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 追加文本内容 */ public static void appendContentToFile(Configuration conf, String content, String remoteFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); /* 创建一个文件输出流,输出的内容将追加到文件末尾 */ FSDataOutputStream out = fs.append(remotePath); out.write(content.getBytes()); out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 追加文件内容 */ public static void appendToFile(Configuration conf, String localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(localFilePath);) { FSDataOutputStream out = fs.append(remotePath); byte[] data = new byte[1024]; int read = -1; while ((read = in.read(data)) > 0) { out.write(data, 0, read); } out.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 移动文件到本地 移动后,删除源文件 */ public static void moveToLocalFile(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath, String localFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath); fs.moveToLocalFile(remotePath, localPath); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 创建文件 */ public static void touchz(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); FSDataOutputStream outputStream = fs.create(remotePath); outputStream.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS文件 String content = "新追加的内容\n"; String choice = "after"; // 追加到文件末尾 // String choice = "before"; // 追加到文件开头 try { /* 判断文件是否存在 */ if (!AppendToFile.test(conf, remoteFilePath)) { System.out.println("文件不存在: " + remoteFilePath); } else { if (choice.equals("after")) { // 追加在文件末尾 AppendToFile.appendContentToFile(conf, content, remoteFilePath); System.out.println("已追加内容到文件末尾" + remoteFilePath); } else if (choice.equals("before")) { // 追加到文件开头 /* 没有相应的api可以直接操作,因此先把文件移动到本地,创建一个新的HDFS,再按顺序追加内容 */ String localTmpPath = "/user/hadoop/tmp.txt"; AppendToFile.moveToLocalFile(conf, remoteFilePath, localTmpPath); // 移动到本地 AppendToFile.touchz(conf, remoteFilePath); // 创建一个新文件 AppendToFile.appendContentToFile(conf, content, remoteFilePath); // 先写入新内容 AppendToFile.appendToFile(conf, localTmpPath, remoteFilePath); // 再写入原来内容 System.out.println("已追加内容到文件开头: " + remoteFilePath); } } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}Shell命令实现:
hadoop fs -mv text.txt input
Java实现:
package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.FileSystem;import java.io.*;public class MoveFile { /** * 移动文件 */ public static boolean mv(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath, String remoteToFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path srcPath = new Path(remoteFilePath); Path dstPath = new Path(remoteToFilePath); return fs.rename(srcPath, dstPath); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); return false; } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.defaultFS", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "hdfs:///user/tiny/text.txt"; // 源文件HDFS路径 String remoteToFilePath = "hdfs:///user/tiny/input"; // 目的HDFS路径 try { if (MoveFile.mv(conf, remoteFilePath, remoteToFilePath)) { System.out.println("将文件 " + remoteFilePath + " 移动到 " + remoteToFilePath); } else { System.out.println("操作失败(源文件不存在或移动失败)"); } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}二,编程实现一个类“MyFSDataInputStream”,该类继承“org.apache.hadoop.fs.FSDataInputStream”,要求如下:实现按行读取HDFS中指定文件的方法“readLine()”,如果读到文件末尾,则返回空,否则返回文件一行的文本。package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;public class MyFSDataInputStream extends FSDataInputStream { public MyFSDataInputStream(InputStream in) { super(in); } public static String readline(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) { try (FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf)) { Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); FSDataInputStream in = fs.open(remotePath); BufferedReader d = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in)); String line = null; if ((line = d.readLine()) != null) { d.close(); in.close(); return line; } return null; } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); return null; } } public static void main(String[] args) { Configuration conf = new Configuration(); conf.set("fs.default.name", "hdfs://localhost:9000"); String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 System.out.println("读取文件: " + remoteFilePath); System.out.println(MyFSDataInputStream.readline(conf, remoteFilePath)); System.out.println("\n读取完成"); }}三,查看Java帮助手册或其它资料,用“java.net.URL”和“org.apache.hadoop.fs.FsURLStreamHandlerFactory”编程完成输出HDFS中指定文件的文本到终端中。package cn.edu.zucc.hdfs;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.net.URL;import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;public class FsUrl { static { URL.setURLStreamHandlerFactory(new FsUrlStreamHandlerFactory()); } public static void cat(String remoteFilePath) { try (InputStream in = new URL("hdfs", "localhost", 9000, remoteFilePath) .openStream()) { IOUtils.copyBytes(in, System.out, 4096, false); IOUtils.closeStream(in); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } /** * 主函数 */ public static void main(String[] args) { String remoteFilePath = "/user/tiny/text.txt"; // HDFS路径 try { System.out.println("读取文件: " + remoteFilePath); FsUrl.cat(remoteFilePath); System.out.println("\n读取完成"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }}
作者:Tiny_16
链接:https://www.jianshu.com/p/0663d74b79b5
來源:简书
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